Ministry of Civil Defense and Emergency Situations of the Republic of Tatarstan

19 March 2014, Wednesday

General hydrological characteristics of the Republic of Tatarstan:

Total water surface area of the Republic is 4.4 thousand sq. km, or 6.7% of its total area. Hydrography of Tatarstan is represented by a variety of water objects, among which are leading small rivers, and numerous lakes and ponds, and also have their own specific values reservoir of Federal and Republican significance.

On the territory of the Republic are four reservoirs: Kuibyshev, Nizhnekamsk, Zainsky and Karabash.

Kuybyshev reservoir is the largest in Europe area of the reservoir is located in five subjects of the Russian Federation (republics of Chuvashia, Mari-El, Tatarstan, the Ulyanovsk and Samara region) and 50.7% of its area to be within Tatarstan. The total length of it is 510 km from G. of Novocheboksarsk (Chuvash Republic) to , Togliatti (Samara region)within the RT - 180 km, the Average depth of the pond at NPU 9.4 m, maximum - 41 m at the dam, i.e. Kamskoe Ustye -38 m,, Kazan - 16-18 m, u , Chistopol 12-16 see The coastline within the Republic is 45 km.

The main characteristics of a reservoir following:

- when NPU total capacity of the reservoir is 57.3 KMI;

- useful - 34.5 KMI;

- the area of water mirror - 6150 sq.km;

- the level of design drawdown (oops) - 24.00 PM

Przeprowadza drawdown of useful volume is 48.0 m BS, the level of the dead volume - 45.5 m (installed only with the permission of the Interagency task force ). 49.0 m BS - minimum level navigation period. In the reservoir flows 79 rivers longer than 10 km, 260 watercourses with a length less than 10 km form the water reservoir are the Volga, the Kama, the Vyatka more snow food and 99% of surface and groundwater flow and 1 % due to precipitation. Reservoir with a pronounced seasonal runoff at the Middle and Lower Volga. The greatest quantity of water in the reservoir flows in the period of spring flood (68% of the flow), the summer-autumn low water - 20%, winter - 12%. The average speed of the catabatic flow is 2-10 m/s, wind waves on the main ship's course can be up to 4 meters, mostly up to 0.5 m Is the battery solid flow, for shallow water zones (from 4 to 8 m depth) is characterized by siltation.

Nizhnekamsk reservoir created by damming the river Kama November 1, 1978. and filled up to the intermediate grades 62.0 m BS. The volume of the reservoir for this mark is 2.9 cubic km, with a maximum working marks 68.0 - 13.8 cubm The largest part of the runoff of lateral inflow between Angola and Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric schemes have on the flow R. White - 26.1 cubm

The last 5 years the level of water at the upper tail supported at levels 63.1-63.5 m BS. However, for the last two years in the period of spring flooding on coordination and resolution of Federal Agency for water resources of the MNR water levels reached 63.6 m BS.

The water surface area at intermediate mark 62.0 m BS is 794 square kilometers, at 68.0 m - 2259 sq. About 50% of the total reservoir area is occupied by the shallow waters with depths of up to 2 M. the Maximum width of 15 km, the average is 4 km. Length is 185 km along the Kama and 157 km rbla. The average depth 3.3 m, maximum - 20 M. the Total area of the watershed at the site of hydro-unit is 370 thousand sq. km, the private watershed - 186 tyscuk

Zainsk water reservoir was built in 1962 on the river Stepnoy Zay I a n Zainsk for power supply of oil-refining industry of the South-East of Tatarstan. The hydro system with cooling pond is used for technical water supply of Zainsk GRES. NPU is 73.0 m BS, the lowest level drawdown - 70.75 m BS. Full volume at NPU is 0.063 KMI, useful - 0.035 cubm the catchment Area is 2.91 km, water mirror-20.45 km2, average depth - 3.8 m average width of 1 km, a maximum of 2.5 km. in Length during flood reaches 15 km. From the moment of exploitation there is a reservoir sedimentation of suspended particles river Stepnoy Zay and at the expense of wave processing of the right Bank within dam storage of ples. For 40 years the volume of silt has amounted 8 mln m3 (average rate of siltation of 200 thousand m3 /year).

Karabash water reservoir was built in 1957 on the river of Lesnaya Zai y a n Karabash Bugulma region to provide oil fields, industrial enterprises of the South-East and sanitary regulation regime of the river Stepnoy Zay. The regime of the reservoir is determined by the dispatching schedule, which provides water releases to ensure a guaranteed flow of magnitude of lateral inflow R. Stepnoy Zay on a plot of Karabash is Bogashevo.

Main parameters of the reservoir are:

- normal supply level - 140.0 m;

- the level of the dead volume - 125.8 m;

- the maximum level in flood - 140.87 m;

- effective volume 51.14 million cubic meters;

- the average depth at NPI 7.2 m;

- the average depth at EMA - 1.33 m;

- the nature of regulation, many years.

The total number of streams on the territory of the Republic - 330 rivers and streams with the length 21457 km, 4421 - small rivers less than 10 km (length 11328 km). The most important rivers of the Republic are the Volga river (180 km in RT) and Kama (380 km in RT), and their tributaries - Vyatka (60 km in RT), White (50 km), RR Sviyaga, Kazanka, Mesh, IR, Sheshma, IZH, Stepnoy Zay, etc.

In 2007 average water flow volume equal 8.59 cub.km or 126, 3 cubic meters per year per 1 km2 of the territory; the average annual rate of local runoff is 10 cubic km, of them small rivers is 7 cub. km (70%).

Date of beginning of spring floods on the rivers of Tatarstan depending on the weather conditions development stretched from 28 March to 5 April and depends on the region territory:

The Volga region and Volga - 28 March-2 April (mean annual date);

Kama area and Northern regions with 3-5 March (average annual data);

Eastern regions - April 2-4 (mean annual date).

Extremely early start flooding can occur on 20-23 days earlier than in mean multiyear dates, and the extremely later on 21-25 days.

On the territory of the Republic is 8111 lakes with an area of 1.5 hectares, mostly shallow and eutrophic type. Most of them are concentrated in Menzelinsk (756), Mamadysh (694), Aktanysh (579), Chistopol (493), Muslyumovo (439), Nizhnekamsk (372) municipal districts.

Allocated 30 large lakes with a surface area of from 1 to 120 hectares, The largest - Kovalevskoe (120 ha), Arhierejskoe (60 ha) and Calamitouscore located in Laishevo region, hereinafter - Kaban (119) and Lower Boar (59 ha), Kazan, Karasino, Kara-Kul, Barks (Vysokogorsky district) and others. As a rule, are adjacent to the lakes wetland complexes and systems of small water bodies. For example, in Kazan there are 250 of water bodies and watercourses.

In posadochka against the territory of Tatarstan is a hazardous regions, as 68% of the annual flow passes through these water bodies in the period from late March to early June subject to passing spring flood in reservoirs).

The development of spring processes on the rivers begins in the South-West (BYR of Sviyaga), then in the southern and Western regions to the Eastern and Northern districts of the Republic. The passage of the spring ice drift on the river observed in the period from 10-20 .04 and is accompanied by a maximum period of rising of water (5-10 m), education congestion (60% of the rivers are prone to this phenomenon) and the flooding of floodplains (40%). Hydrographic feature of the river is meandering (high coefficient of sinuosity river bed), a significant siltation due to strong washout of soils thawing snow, and more on these phenomena are in the basins of the Volga and Predjama (BRR Sviyaga, Kazanka, Mesha Shoshma, Shumbut)and the Eastern region of the river IR, Xun, Menses. Maximum single rise of the water level can reach up to 1.5 m daily to 3 m and the General rise of the water horizon during the high water period - up to 10 M. the Frequency of floods in the region may occur 1 time in 3 years. The beginning of spring floods in reservoirs coincides with the growth of lateral inflow (maximum levels on small rivers) and its passage depends on the preparedness free capacity of reservoirs for the adoption of melt water and the adjusted mode of the Volzhskaya hydropower reservoirs. Regulation of the runoff occurs during the flood repeatedly taking into account regional peculiarities as for hydrometeorological aspects and taking into account the needs of the sectors of the economy and carried out according to the decision of Interdepartmental operative group on regulation of the operation modes of the reservoirs of Volzhsky - Kamsk cascade of reservoirs. Also according COULD set the equation mode for the implementation of the winter drawdown and preparation of reservoir bed to receive meltwater Vesnik work Nizhnekamsk reservoir is determined by the tripartite Agreement of subjects (republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia). The reservoir is the last in the line of the Kama reservoir and depending on the development of processes flood located above the cascade reservoirs have difficulties passing the water through the Nizhnekamsk hydroelectric plant. During flood with the permission of the Federal water Agency of MNR short term can set the time stamp of the water level in order to avoid the flooding of adjacent territories.

Possible scenarios of development of spring processes in water reservoirs of the Republic of Tatarstan:

Calm flood - gradual warming of the air masses in the afternoon with positive transition temperatures and at night. Gradual filling of water objects water from melted snow. The most favorable scenario of flood.

The protracted nature of high waters during the initial normal climatic processes weather conditions we are witnessing the return of cold weather, negative day and night air temperature in General hinder the passing of a spring flood.

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The forecast of situation on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan during flood 2014